Geography 4GE1 — specification explorer

1. Description

• 4GE1-SX.039Topic 1: River environments – features of the global hydrological cycle (including drainage basins), the physical processes that give rise to distinct river landforms and detailed case studies of river management in a developed and a developing or emerging country.
• 4GE1-SX.040Topic 2: Coastal environments – the processes that give rise to characteristic coastal landforms, threats facing coastal ecosystems and detailed case studies of coastal management in a developed and a developing or emerging country.
• 4GE1-SX.041Topic 3: Hazardous environments – the characteristics and distribution of different types of natural hazard, the measurement and impacts of hazards and detailed case studies of the management of an earthquake in a developed and a developing or emerging country.
• 4GE1-S1.156The hydrological cycle: characteristics, stores and transfers.4GE1/01
• 4GE1-S1.157Features of a drainage basin: source, watershed, channel network, mouth.4GE1/01
• 4GE1-S1.158Factors affecting river regimes: precipitation, including storm hydrographs, temperature, vegetation, land use, water abstraction, dams. (1)4GE1/01

2. Physical processes

• 4GE1-S1.159Fluvial processes involved in river valley and river channel formation: erosion (vertical and lateral), weathering and mass movement, transportation and deposition, and factors affecting these processes (climate, slope, geology, altitude and aspect).4GE1/01
• 4GE1-S1.160How channel shape (width, depth), valley profile (long and cross profiles), gradient, velocity, discharge, and sediment size and shape change along the course of a named river ✓. (2)4GE1/01
• 4GE1-S1.161How river landscapes change over the course of a river, with distinctive upland and lowland landforms, including the formation of valleys, interlocking spurs, waterfalls, meanders, oxbow lakes, flood plains and levees. (3)4GE1/01
• 4GE1-S1.162Case studies of river management in a developed country and a developing country or an emerging country.4GE1/01

3. River environments

• 4GE1-S1.163Uses of water, including agriculture, industry, human hygiene and leisure, and the rising demand for and supply of water: areas of water shortage and water surplus.4GE1/01
• 4GE1-S1.164Reasons for variations in water quality, including pollution (sewage, industrial waste, agriculture) and the storage and supply of clean water (dams and reservoirs, pipelines, treatment works). (4)4GE1/01
• 4GE1-S1.165Causes of river flooding, including rainfall intensity, seasonal variations in discharge due to monsoons or snowmelt, relief, urbanisation, and the prediction and prevention of flooding. (5)4GE1/01

1. Physical processes

• 4GE1-S2.166Physical processes at work on the coast: marine processes (wave action, erosion, deposition and transportation, including longshore drift), weathering (mechanical, chemical and biological) and mass movement (sliding and slumping).4GE1/01
• 4GE1-S2.167Influence of geology, vegetation, people and sea-level changes on coastal environments. (1)4GE1/01
• 4GE1-S2.168Role of erosional and depositional processes in the development of landforms: headlands and bays, cliffs, wave- cut platforms, caves, arches, stacks and stumps, beaches, spits and bars. (2)4GE1/01

2. Distinctive

• 4GE1-S2.169Distributions and features of the world’s coastal ecosystems (coral reefs, mangroves, sand dunes and salt marshes). (3)4GE1/01
• 4GE1-S2.170Abiotic and biotic characteristics of one named coastal ecosystem ✓. (4)4GE1/01
• 4GE1-S2.171How small- and large-scale coastal ecosystems are threatened by people and their activities (industrialisation, agricultural practices, tourism and deforestation).4GE1/01
• 4GE1-S2.172Case studies of coastal management in a developed country and a developing country or an emerging country.4GE1/01

3. Coastal environments

• 4GE1-S2.173Conflicts between different users of the coast, with different views on coastal management (conservation or development).4GE1/01
• 4GE1-S2.174Causes of coastal flooding (storm surges, tsunamis, climate change) and the prediction and prevention of flooding (forecasting, building design, planning and education).4GE1/01
• 4GE1-S2.175There are different coastal management strategies, including soft engineering (beach replenishment, cliff regrading, ecosystem rehabilitation and revegetation, managed retreat), hard engineering (groynes, revetments, sea walls, gabions, riprap) and shoreline management plans. (5)4GE1/01

1. Assessment of fieldwork skills – Section B

• 4GE1-S3.042River environments.4GE1/01
  9 resources
• 4GE1-S3.043Coastal environments.4GE1/01
  9 resources
• 4GE1-S3.044Hazardous environments.4GE1/01
  9 resources
• 4GE1-S3.045Primary data collection includes quantitative and qualitative techniques.4GE1/01
  1 resource
• 4GE1-S3.046Secondary data collection includes the use of at least two different secondary data sources for your chosen environment.4GE1/01
• 4GE1-S3.047graphical skills – compiling graphs and flow lines, using proportional symbols, annotating maps, diagrams and photographs4GE1/01
• 4GE1-S3.048map skills (including use of digital maps) – using grid references, understanding scales, recognising symbols, identifying landforms and human features of the landscape4GE1/01
• 4GE1-S3.049photo-interpretation skills – reading vertical and oblique aerial photographs and satellite images, including GIS4GE1/01
• 4GE1-S3.050sketching skills – communicating ideas through simple sketch maps and field sketches4GE1/01
• 4GE1-S3.051spatial awareness – identifying the relative locations and relationships between features.4GE1/01
• 4GE1-S3.052analysis of findings – reviewing and interpreting quantitative and qualitative information using appropriate media4GE1/01
  1 resource
• 4GE1-S3.053use of statistical skills – simple descriptive statistics, such as lines of best fit, means, medians, modes, etc.4GE1/01
• 4GE1-S3.054conflict resolution skills – identifying the views of interested people (stakeholders), recognising that stakeholders may have strongly different attitudes and feelings towards a particular issue4GE1/01
• 4GE1-S3.055evaluation of findings – appraisal and review of data and information to see if they are accurate and suitable for the purpose, or misleading and unreliable.4GE1/01
• 4GE1-S3.056

  Investigation of river processes and form through primary and secondary fieldwork evidence:

  • Quantitative e.g.(1) channel measurements - velocity, width, depth and gradient(2) measurements of sediment - size and shape
  • Qualitative e.g.(1) annotated field sketches of the river channel and its features,(2) photographs to show how the channel changes downstream
  • Secondary (1) A GIS topographic map, e.g. from ArcGIS Online or Google Earth, (2) local secondary data on river flows or regimes
  • River channel characteristics: width, depth and velocity
  • River gradient
  • Annotated field sketches
  • GIS topographic map

  4GE1/01
• 4GE1-S3.057

  Investigation of coastal processes and form through primary and secondary fieldwork evidence:

  • Quantitative e.g.(1) sediment size and shape measurements, beach profile survey,(2) measurement of erosional features - a cliff or intertidal zone
  • Qualitative e.g.(1) annotated field sketches of particular coastal features,(2) photographs to show how there are variations along a stretch of the coast.
  • Secondary (1) A local geology map (paper or digital), (2) local secondary data on coastal change, e.g. historic maps.
  • Sediment: size and shape
  • Beach profile
  • Annotated field sketches
  • Local geology map

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• 4GE1-S3.058

  Investigation of physical processes involved in an extreme weather event through the recording of primary and secondary fieldwork evidence:

  • Quantitative e.g.(1) recording of a weather diary and local risk and hazard maps,(2) structured questionnaire about hazard perception
  • Qualitative e.g.(1) annotated field sketches to show evidence of an extreme weather event,(2) photographs / video taken before, during and after the extreme weather event
  • Secondary (1) An online feed from a local weather station, e.g Wunderground, (2) local secondary data on weather events, e.g. newspapers, online accounts.
  • Weather diary: wind, rain, temperature, and air pressure
  • Local risk and hazard mapping
  • Annotated field sketches
  • Local live feed of an extreme weather event.

  4GE1/01

2. Description

• 4GE1-S3.061Topic 4: Economic activity and energy – variations in economic activity over time and spatially, the relationship between population and resources and detailed case studies of energy resource management in a developed and a developing or emerging country.4GE1/01
• 4GE1-S3.062Topic 5: Rural environments – distribution, characteristics and human activities taking place in rural environments, the changes in contrasting rural environments and detailed case studies of rural environments in a developed and a developing or emerging country.4GE1/01
• 4GE1-S3.063Topic 6: Urban environments – trends, characteristics and problems associated with urban environments, the challenges facing contrasting urban environments and detailed case studies of urban environments in a developed and a developing or emerging country.4GE1/01
• 4GE1-S3.064Topic 7: Fragile environments and climate change – distribution, characteristics and threats facing the world’s fragile environments, the impacts of different processes, including climate change, on fragile environments, and different approaches to managing fragile environments in a more sustainable way.4GE1/01
  9 resources
• 4GE1-S3.065Topic 8: Globalisation and migration – the characteristics and growth in globalisation, including the role of global institutions and transnational corporations, and the impacts of increased globalisation, including migration and tourism and different approaches to managing migration and tourism in a more sustainable way.4GE1/01
  9 resources
• 4GE1-S3.066Topic 9: Development and human welfare – definitions and ways of measuring development and human welfare, patterns of global development and the consequences of variations in development, and different strategies to address uneven levels of development and human welfare.4GE1/01
  9 resources

3. Some places are

• 4GE1-S3.176Characteristics, distribution and measurement of different types of natural hazards including tropical cyclones, earthquakes and volcanoes. (1)4GE1/01
• 4GE1-S3.177Causes of tropical cyclone hazards, including ocean temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind shear and Coriolis force.4GE1/01
• 4GE1-S3.178Causes of volcanic and earthquake hazards, including the role of plate boundaries and hotspots. (2)4GE1/01

4. Hazards have an

• 4GE1-S3.179Reasons why people continue to live in areas at risk from hazard events.4GE1/01
• 4GE1-S3.180Some countries are more vulnerable (physically, socially and economically) than others to the impacts of natural hazards.4GE1/01
• 4GE1-S3.181The shorter-term and longer-term impacts of one earthquake one volcano and one tropical cyclone hazard ✓ (3).4GE1/01
• 4GE1-S3.182Case studies of hazard management for an earthquake in a developed country and a developing country or an emerging country.4GE1/01

5. Earthquakes present

• 4GE1-S3.183Preparation for earthquakes (warning and evacuation, building design, remote sensing and GIS). (4)4GE1/01
• 4GE1-S3.184Short-term responses and relief (emergency aid, shelter and supplies).4GE1/01
• 4GE1-S3.185Longer-term planning (risk assessment, hazard mapping and rebuilding programmes). (5)4GE1/01

1. The relative

• 4GE1-S4.186Classification of employment by economic sector (primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary) and the reasons for the differences in the employment structures in countries at different levels of development (Clark Fisher Model). (1)4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S4.187Factors affecting the location of economic activity in each economic sector and how these factors can change over time.4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S4.188Reasons for the changes in the numbers of people employed in each economic sector, including the availability of raw materials, globalisation, mechanisation, demographic changes and government policies.4GE1/02

2. The growth and

• 4GE1-S4.189Positive and negative impacts of economic sector shifts in a named developed ✓ and a named developing ✓ or emerging country ✓. (2)4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S4.190Informal employment: causes (economic development, rural- urban migration) and characteristics (advantages and disadvantages) in a named megacity ✓. (3)4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S4.191Different theories (Malthus and Boserup) are used to explain the relationship between population and resources. (4)4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S4.192Case studies of energy resource management in a developed country and a developing country or an emerging country.4GE1/02

3. Countries

• 4GE1-S4.193Energy demand and production varies globally and is affected by a range of factors: population growth, increased wealth and technological advances.4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S4.194Non-renewable, e.g. coal, oil, natural gas, uranium and shale gas/oil, and renewable sources of energy, e.g. solar, wind, hydroelectric power (HEP), geothermal, biomass, have advantages and disadvantages for people and the environment.4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S4.195Energy can be managed in a sustainable way through education, efficiency and conservation (within industry, transport and the home). (5)4GE1/02

1. Rural environments

• 4GE1-S5.196Distributions and characteristics of the world’s biomes (tropical, temperate and boreal forests, tropical and temperate grasslands, deserts and tundra). (1)4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S5.197Examples of goods and services provided for people by natural ecosystems (timber, tourism, food, energy, water resources, health services, natural protection, and climate regulation).4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S5.198How humans use, modify and change ecosystems and rural environments to obtain food through farming systems (arable/pastoral, commercial/subsistence, intensive/extensive). (2)4GE1/02

2. Rural environments (5.2)

• 4GE1-S5.199Characteristics of a rural environment: landscape, climate, settlement, population, land use, employment, accessibility, management (development or conservation).4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S5.200Factors leading to rural changes in a named developed country ✓: rural isolation, decline in farm employment, tourist pressures, suburbanisation, counter-urbanisation, and the negative multiplier effect.4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S5.201Factors leading to rural changes in a named developing country ✓ or emerging country ✓: population growth, changing farm economy and landholdings, natural hazards, and rural-urban migration. (3)4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S5.202Case studies of rural environments in a developed country and in a developing country or an emerging country.4GE1/02

3. Rural environments (5.3)

• 4GE1-S5.203The diversification of farming to generate new income streams: GM crops, specialist crops and food, organic farming, recreation and leisure. (4)4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S5.204The range of possible strategies aimed at making rural living more sustainable and improving the quality of life (soil and air quality, water supplies, crop yields, health, employment and housing) for the chosen rural environment. (5)4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S5.205Role of different groups of people (national and local government, IGOs, NGOs and local communities) in managing the social, economic and environmental challenges within the chosen rural environment.4GE1/02

1. Assessment of fieldwork skills – Section B

• 4GE1-S6.067Economic activity and energy.4GE1/02
  9 resources
• 4GE1-S6.068Rural environments.4GE1/02
  9 resources
• 4GE1-S6.069Urban environments.4GE1/02
  9 resources
• 4GE1-S6.070Primary data collection includes quantitative and qualitative techniques.4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S6.071Secondary data collection includes the use of at least two different secondary data sources for your chosen environment.4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S6.072graphical skills – compiling graphs and flow lines, using proportional symbols, annotating maps, diagrams and photographs4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S6.073map skills (including use of digital maps) – using grid references, understanding scales, recognising symbols, identifying landforms and human features of the landscape4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S6.074photo-interpretation skills – reading vertical and oblique aerial photographs and satellite images, including GIS4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S6.075sketching skills – communicating ideas through simple sketch maps and field sketches4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S6.076spatial awareness – identifying the relative locations and relationships between features.4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S6.077analysis of findings – reviewing and interpreting quantitative and qualitative information using appropriate media4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S6.078use of statistical skills – simple descriptive statistics, such as lines of best fit, means, medians, modes, etc.4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S6.079conflict resolution skills – identifying the views of interested people (stakeholders), recognising that stakeholders may have strongly different attitudes and feelings towards a particular issue4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S6.080evaluation of findings – appraisal and review of data and information to see if these are accurate and suitable for the purpose, or misleading and unreliable.4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S6.081

  Investigating changing energy use through primary and secondary evidence:

  • Quantitative e.g.(1) environmental quality survey, and a structured questionnaire,(2) visual assessment of landscape
  • Qualitative e.g.(1) annotated photographs showing evidence of changing energy use,(2) interviews with different stakeholders
  • Secondary (1) A local report (paper or digital) into people’s / or the region's energy use, (2) local secondary data on landscape change from an energy development, e.g. historic maps and images.
  • Small scale environmental quality survey (EQS)
  • Structured questionnaire including closed questions
  • Annotated photographs
  • Local report on energy use

  4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S6.082

  Investigating the changing use of rural environments through primary and secondary evidence:

  • Quantitative e.g.(1) environmental quality survey, and a structured questionnaire,(2) landscape or building assessment survey
  • Qualitative e.g.(1) annotated photographs showing evidence of changing rural environments,(2) interviews with different stakeholders
  • Secondary (1) A local report (paper or digital) into an aspect of change in a rural area and community, (2) local secondary data on landscape change from development, e.g. historic maps and images.
  • Small scale environmental quality survey (EQS)
  • Structured questionnaire including closed questions
  • Annotated photographs
  • Report on change in a local rural community

  4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S6.083

  Investigating the changing use of central/inner urban environments through primary and secondary evidence:

  • Quantitative e.g.(1) environmental quality survey, and a structured questionnaire,(2) urban land use survey
  • Qualitative e.g.(1) annotated photographs showing evidence of changing rural environments,(2) interviews with different stakeholders
  • Secondary (1) A local report (paper or digital) into an aspect of change in an urban area and community, (2) local secondary data on urban change from development, e.g. historic maps and images.
  • Small scale environmental quality survey (EQS)
  • Structured questionnaire including closed questions
  • Annotated photographs
  • Report on change in a local urban community

  4GE1/02

2. A growing

• 4GE1-S6.206Contrasting trends in urbanisation over the last 50 years in different parts of the world, including the processes of suburbanisation and counter-urbanisation. (1)4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S6.207Factors affecting the rate of urbanisation and the emergence of megacities.4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S6.208Problems associated with rapid urbanisation: congestion, transport, employment, crime and environmental issues. (2)4GE1/02

3. Cities face a range of

• 4GE1-S6.209Factors affecting urban land use patterns: locational needs, accessibility, land values. (3)4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S6.210Urban challenges in a named developed country ✓: food, energy, transport and waste disposal demands, concentrated resource consumption, segregation. (4)4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S6.211Urban challenges in a named developing country ✓ or emerging country ✓: squatter settlements, informal economy, urban pollution, and low quality of life.4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S6.212Case studies of urban environments in a developed country and a developing country or an emerging country.4GE1/02

4. Different strategies

• 4GE1-S6.213Development of the rural-urban fringe: housing estates, retail, business and science parks, industrial estates, and the greenfield versus brownfield debate.4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S6.214The range of possible strategies aimed at making urban living more sustainable and improving the quality of life (waste disposal, transport, education, health, employment and housing) for the chosen urban environment. (5)4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S6.215Role of different groups of people (planners, politicians, property developers and industrialists) in managing the social, economic and environmental challenges in the chosen urban area.4GE1/02

1. Fragile environments

• 4GE1-S7.216Distributions and characteristics of the world’s fragile environments. (1)4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S7.217Causes of desertification (drought, population pressure, fuel supply, overgrazing, migration) and deforestation (commercial timber extraction, agriculture, mining, transport; settlement and HEP (hydroelectric power). (2) and (3)4GE1/02
  1 resource
• 4GE1-S7.218Causes of natural climate change (Milankovitch cycles, solar variation and volcanism) and how human activities (industry, transport, energy, and farming) can cause the enhanced greenhouse effect. (4)4GE1/02
  1 resource

2. There are various

• 4GE1-S7.219Social, economic and environmental impacts of desertification (reduced agricultural output, malnutrition, famine, migration).4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S7.220Social, economic and environmental impacts of deforestation (loss of biodiversity, contribution to climate change, economic development and increased soil erosion).4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S7.221Negative effects that climate change is having on fragile environments and people (rising sea levels, more hazards, ecosystem changes, reduced employment opportunities, changing settlement patterns, health and wellbeing challenges, including food supply). (5)4GE1/02

3. The responses to

• 4GE1-S7.222How technology can resolve water-resource shortages in fragile environments under threat from desertification.4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S7.223Different approaches to the sustainable use and management of a rainforest in a named region ✓ to limit the extent of deforestation.4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S7.224Different responses to global warming and climate change from individuals, organisations and governments in a named developed ✓ and a named emerging or developing country ✓.4GE1/02

1. Globalisation is

• 4GE1-S8.225Rise of the global economy (growth of production and commodity chains) and the factors encouraging it (trade, foreign investment, aid, labour, modern transport and information technologies). (1)4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S8.226Role of global institutions, including the World Trade Organization (WTO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and TNCs in creating a more globalised economy.4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S8.227Push and pull factors (social, economic and political) that have influenced rates of different types of migration over the last 50 years, including medical, sport, tourism and economic. (2)4GE1/02

2. The impacts of

• 4GE1-S8.228Impacts of globalisation on different groups of people, including the benefits and costs to countries hosting TNCs. (3)4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S8.229Impacts of migration (voluntary, forced, national, international, and rural-urban) on different groups of people. (4)4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S8.230Positive and negative impacts of the growth of global tourism, including mass tourism, on the environment, economy and people of destination areas. (5)4GE1/02

3. The responses to

• 4GE1-S8.231How geopolitical relationships between countries are important in managing trade, migration and tourism.4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S8.232Different approaches to the management of long-term migration in a named country ✓.4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S8.233Different approaches to make tourism more sustainable from individuals, organisations and governments in a named developed ✓ and a named emerging or developing country ✓.4GE1/02

1. Development and human welfare

• 4GE1-S9.243Demonstrate knowledge of locations, places, processes, environments and different scale.4GE1/014GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.082

  Demonstrate geographical understanding of:

  • concepts and how they are used in relation to places, environments and processes
  • the interrelationships between places, environments and processes.

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• 4GE1-S9.083Apply knowledge and understanding to interpret, analyse and evaluate geographical information and issues and to make judgements.4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.244Select, adapt and use a variety of skills and techniques to investigate questions and issues and communicate findings.4GE1/014GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.097Recognise and describe distributions and patterns of both human and physical features at a range of scales, using a variety of maps and atlases.4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.098Draw, label, annotate, understand and interpret sketch maps.4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.099Recognise and describe patterns of vegetation, land use and communications infrastructure, as well as other patterns of human and physical landscapes.4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.100Describe and identify the site, situation and shape of settlements.4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.101Label, annotate and interpret different diagrams, maps, graphs, sketches and photographs.4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.102Use and interpret aerial, oblique, ground and satellite photographs from a range of different landscapes.4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.103Use maps in association with photographs and sketches and understand links to directions.4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.104Use online census sources to obtain population and local geodemographic information.4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.105Identify questions or issues for investigation, develop a hypothesis and/or key questions.4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.106Consider appropriate sampling procedures (systematic versus random versus stratified) and sample size.4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.107Consider health and safety and undertake risk assessment.4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.108Select data collection methods and equipment to ensure accuracy and reliability, and develop recording sheets for measurements and observations.4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.109Use ICT to manage, collate, process and present information, with use of hand-drawn graphical skills to present information in a suitable way.4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.110Write descriptively, analytically and critically about findings.4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.111Develop extended written arguments, drawing well-evidenced and informed conclusions about geographical questions and issues.4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.112Use and understand gradient, contour and spot height on isoline maps, e.g. OS maps, weather charts, ocean bathymetric charts.4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.113Interpret cross sections and transects.4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.114Use and understand coordinates, scale and distance.4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.115Describe and interpret geospatial data presented in a GIS framework, e.g. analysis of flood hazard using the interactive maps on an environmental agency website.4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.116Select and construct appropriate graphs and charts to present data, using appropriate scales and including bar charts, pie charts, pictograms, line charts and histograms with equal class intervals.4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.117Interpret and extract information from different types of graphs and charts, including any of the above and others relevant to the topic, e.g. triangular graphs, radial graphs, wind rose diagrams, proportional symbols.4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.118Interpret population pyramids, choropleth maps and flow line maps.4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.119Demonstrate an understanding of number, area and scale, and the quantitative relationships between units.4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.120Design fieldwork data collection sheets and collect data with an understanding of accuracy, sample size and procedures, control groups and reliability.4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.121Understand and correctly use proportion and ratio, magnitude and frequency, e.g. 1 : 200 flood, and logarithmic scales such as the Richter scale, in orders of magnitude.4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.122Draw informed conclusions from numerical data.4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.123Use appropriate measures of central tendency, spread and cumulative frequency (median, mean, range, quartiles and interquartile range, mode and modal class).4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.124Calculate percentage increase or decrease and understand the use of percentiles.4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.125Describe relationships in bivariate data, e.g. sketch trend lines through scatter plots, draw estimated lines of best fit, make predictions, interpolate and extrapolate trends.4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.126Identify weaknesses in selective statistical presentation of data.4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.127pre-fieldwork planning – designing a fieldwork investigation, as per the qualification content4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.128primary field skills – undertaking a field investigation, the need for sampling, data collection and recording techniques. This can be undertaken within the school grounds or immediate locality4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.129presentation, analysis, conclusions and evaluation skills – using a range of data presentation techniques, analysis of data and drawing conclusions, evaluating the techniques used and the conclusions drawn.4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.130hazard – the danger that could reasonably be expected to cause harm, e.g. contact with slippery rocks next to a stream4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.131impact/severity – how someone might be harmed4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.132risk – the chance that someone will be harmed by a particular hazard, e.g. a fall, slip or trip.4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.245

  Critical thinking:

  • Critical thinking for using geographical concepts to synthesise information collected from the geographical enquiry to make judgements.

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• 4GE1-S9.133Problem solving4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.134Analysis4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.135Reasoning/argumentation4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.136Interpretation4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.137Decision making4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.138Adaptive learning4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.139Executive function4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.246Creativity4GE1/014GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.140Innovation4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.247Adaptability4GE1/014GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.141Personal and social responsibility4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.142Continuous learning4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.143Intellectual interest and curiosity4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.248

  Initiative:

  • Initiative for using different forms of media to investigate real world events, without guided learning.

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• 4GE1-S9.144Self-direction4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.145Responsibility4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.146Perseverance4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.147Productivity4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.148Self-regulation (metacognition, forethought, reflection)4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.249Ethics4GE1/014GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.149Integrity4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.250Self-monitoring/self-evaluation/self-reinforcement4GE1/014GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.251Communication4GE1/014GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.150

  Collaboration:

  • Collaboration for peer reviewing the work of others to offer constructive feedback.

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• 4GE1-S9.151Teamwork4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.152Cooperation4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.153Empathy/perspective taking4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.154Negotiation4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.252Responsibility4GE1/014GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.155Assertive communication4GE1/02
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• 4GE1-S9.253Self-presentation4GE1/014GE1/02
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2. Definitions of

• 4GE1-S9.234The different ways of defining development, using economic criteria and broader social and political measures.4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S9.235Different factors contribute to the development and human welfare of a country: economic, social, technological, cultural, as well as food and water security.4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S9.236Development is measured in different ways: GDP per capita, the Human Development Index, measures of inequality and indices of political corruption. (1) and (2)4GE1/02

3. The level of

• 4GE1-S9.237Global pattern of the uneven development between and within countries and the factors (social, historic and economic) that have led to these spatial variations.4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S9.238Impact of uneven development on welfare and quality of life within one named country ✓: poverty, unemployment, inadequate housing and physical infrastructure. (3)4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S9.239How countries at different levels of development have differences in their demographic data (fertility rates, death rates, natural increase, population structures, maternal and infant mortality rates). (4) and (5)4GE1/02

4. A range of

• 4GE1-S9.240The range of international strategies (international aid and intergovernmental agreements) that attempt to reduce uneven development.4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S9.241Different views held by individuals, organisations and governments on tackling the development gap.4GE1/02
• 4GE1-S9.242Advantages and disadvantages of top-down and bottom- up development projects used to promote development in a named developed ✓ and a named emerging or developing country ✓.4GE1/02