12 markseasy
(b)
What is meant by the term appropriate aid?
Geography
Management of Uneven Development (Edexcel IGCSE Geography): Exam Questions
Exam code:4GE117 questions · 70 marks · ≈ 70 min
21 markeasy
Identify an organisation that attempts to address the global development gap.
Choose your answer
United States Geological Survey
North American Free Trade Association (NAFTA)
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
World Bank
31 markeasy
State one way countries may use international aid to support development
41 markeasy
Identify one top-down way of supporting development.
Choose your answer
building a well in a village
community loans from a charity
debt relief
small scale training provision
51 markeasy
State one disadvantage of top-down development projects.
62 markseasy
Explain one international strategy used to reduce uneven development.
72 markseasy
Explain one difference between top-down and bottom-up development projects.
84 marksmedium
(b)
Outline two examples of appropriate aid.
94 marksmedium
(c)
Study Figure 13b which shows a water pump which was supplied as part of an appropriate aid project in West Africa.
Explain why appropriate aid is important to developing countries.
104 marksmedium
(d)
Explain how two international strategies have attempted to reduce uneven development.
114 marksmedium
(c)
Explain one advantage and one disadvantage of top-down development projects.
124 marksmedium
(c)
Explain two advantages of bottom-up development projects.
134 marksmedium
(c)
Explain one advantage and one disadvantage of top-down development projects.
1412 markshard
(g)
Discuss the view:
International strategies are only one part of the solution to closing the development gap.
Use Figures 9a, 9b and 9c and your own knowledge and understanding to support your answer.
156 markshard
Discuss the management of regional disparities within one named country.
Named country:
1612 markshard
(f)
Discuss the view:
Different strategies are needed to reduce the uneven global development.
Use Figures 9a, 9b and 9c and your own knowledge and understanding to support your answer.
176 markshard
Study Figure 9a.
Figure 9a: Views on tackling the development gap
| Viewpoint | Approach | Key argument |
|---|---|---|
| National government (developing country) | Large-scale infrastructure investment (top-down) | Building roads, dams, and power stations attracts foreign investment and drives economic growth across the whole country |
| International NGO | Community-led microfinance and education projects (bottom-up) | Small loans and local education programmes directly empower individuals and produce lasting change at community level |
| World Bank | Conditional loans tied to economic reform (top-down) | Structural reforms improve governance and create conditions for sustainable long-term growth |
| Local community group | Grassroots food security and clean water projects (bottom-up) | Meeting basic needs first is essential before any wider economic development can take place |
| Individual donor | Charitable giving to specific projects | Direct funding reaches people in need quickly without bureaucracy slowing the process down |
Using Figure 9a, assess how effective these different approaches are in tackling the development gap.