4PH1/1P — November 2024 (Edexcel IGCSE Physics): Past Paper

Diagram 1 shows a planet orbiting a star, and a moon orbiting a planet. not to scale star moon planet Diagram 1

On Diagram 1, draw the orbit of a comet around the star.

On Diagram 1, draw an arrow to show the force the planet exerts on the moon.

What type of force does the planet exert on the moon?

The planet completes one orbit of the star in a time of 2.5 × 10⁸ s. The radius of the planet’s orbit is 8.7 × 10¹⁰ m. Calculate the orbital speed of the planet. Give your answer to two significant figures. orbital speed = m/s

Diagram 2 shows the region around the Sun, a yellow star, where liquid water can exist on the surface of planets. This is because the surface temperature of the planet is between 0 °C and 100 °C. Earth liquid water region Sun Diagram 2 Explain what would happen to the position of the liquid water region if the Sun was replaced with a blue star of the same size.

An athlete jumps vertically from the ground.

The athlete has a mass of 85 kg, and leaves the ground with an upwards velocity of 4.5 m/s.

State the formula linking kinetic energy, mass and speed.

Calculate the athlete’s kinetic energy at a speed of 4.5 m/s. kinetic energy = J

At the maximum height of the jump, the athlete has a speed of 0 m/s. State the increase in the amount of energy in the athlete’s gravitational potential energy store from the ground to the maximum height of the jump. increase in gravitational potential energy = J

State the formula linking gravitational potential energy, mass, gravitational field strength and height.

Calculate the maximum height of the athlete’s jump. height = m

Sketch a velocity‑time graph for the athlete’s jump from the ground to the maximum height of the jump. No numbers are required. Assume there is no air resistance. Velocity 0 Time

What feature of the velocity‑time graph gives the acceleration due to gravity?

Explain why the gravitational field strength on the Moon is different from the gravitational field strength on the Earth.

Photograph 1 shows a power supply for some electrical equipment. The electrical equipment is connected to the mains supply. (Source: © 2211575607/ Shutterstock) Photograph 1 Explain why the power supply is completely covered in plastic.

The electrical equipment is connected to the mains power supply of 230 V.

State the formula linking power, current and voltage.

The electrical equipment has a power of 350 W. Calculate the current in the equipment when it is being used. current = A

Photograph 2 shows a circuit breaker. (Source: © 509531608 / Shutterstock) Photograph 2 Explain the advantages of using a circuit breaker rather than a fuse.

A teacher investigates a sample of radioactive material. The graph shows their results. 1200 1000 800 Activity in 600 400 200 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Time in minutes

On the graph, give the unit for activity.

Describe what is meant by the term background radiation.

Describe what is meant by the term half‑life.

Use the graph to determine the half‑life of this radioactive sample. half‑life = minutes

The teacher suggests that this formula shows the relationship between activity and time taken. activity × time taken = constant Use data from the graph to determine if this relationship is correct.

Diagram 1 shows two magnetic poles. N S Diagram 1

Draw three field lines on Diagram 1 to show the uniform magnetic field in the shaded region between the two poles.

Diagram 2 shows a current‑carrying wire in the uniform magnetic field between the poles of a magnet. The arrow on the wire shows the direction of current. Draw another arrow on Diagram 2 to show the direction of the force on the wire. permanent magnet power supply N S current-carrying wire Diagram 2

Diagram 3 shows a rectangular loop of wire carrying a current in a uniform magnetic field. permanent magnet B C N S A D coil + – Diagram 3 Explain why the loop starts to turn but stops when the loop is vertical.

A student does an investigation to determine the refractive index of a rectangular block of transparent material. The student uses this equipment in their investigation.

• ray box
• rectangular transparent block
• protractor
• pencil
• paper
• ruler This is the formula linking refractive index, angle of incidence and angle of refraction. sin(i ) refractive index = sin(r )

Describe a method to determine the refractive index of the material. You may draw a diagram to help your answer.

The refractive index of the material is 1.2

State the formula linking the refractive index and the critical angle of a material.

Calculate the critical angle of this material. critical angle = degrees

Describe what is meant by the term total internal reflection.

The diagram shows a ray of light entering a prism made of the same material as the rectangular block used in the student’s investigation. A B

Use a protractor to determine the angle of incidence at the point where the ray of light is incident on side AB of the prism. angle of incidence = degrees

Complete the path of the ray of light.

The diagram shows a submarine at rest underwater.

There are two vertical forces acting on the submarine.

One of the forces is called upthrust. Give the name of the other force.

Draw two arrows on the diagram to represent the vertical forces acting on the submarine.

State the formula linking pressure, density, gravitational field strength and height.

Calculate the pressure from the water at a point 38 m below the surface of the water. [density of sea water = 1030 kg/m³ ] pressure = kPa

To rise back to the surface, air is pumped into a storage tank inside the submarine.

Explain how the air exerts pressure on the walls of the storage tank.

The air in the storage tank starts at a pressure of 410 kPa. As the submarine rises, the air in the storage tank increases in temperature from 2.5 °C to 18 °C. The volume of the storage tank remains constant. Calculate the pressure of the air in the storage tank at 18 °C. pressure = kPa

The diagram shows two whales in the sea. Some species of whale communicate with sound signals and visual signals. Whale A Whale B (Source: © 1974996491 / Shutterstock)

Describe the difference between the motion of particles in a transverse wave and the motion of particles in a longitudinal wave. You may use a diagram to help your answer.

Whale A makes a sound with a constant frequency. This sound is detected by whale B. When whale A swims towards whale B, the frequency of the sound detected by whale B increases. This is known as the Doppler effect. Explain how the Doppler effect causes the frequency of sound detected by whale B to increase.

Visible light from the Sun reaches whale B. The wavelength of this light is 5.4 × 10⁻⁷ m. Calculate the frequency of this light. [speed of light = 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s] frequency = Hz

A student investigates different electrical components.

The student first investigates how the voltage of a diode affects the current in the diode. They use this equipment. • diode • cell • variable resistor • wires • voltmeter • ammeter Draw a circuit diagram to represent a circuit the student could use. The diode has been drawn for you.

In the second investigation, the student uses a circuit with two different resistors, A and B, and a battery with a voltage of 2.9 V. Diagram 1 shows the circuit, and the current in each resistor. 2.9 V A 0.15 A 0.23 A B Diagram 1

Calculate the current in the battery. current = A

State the formula linking voltage, current and resistance.

Calculate the resistance of resistor A. resistance = Ω

Diagram 2 shows the same three components connected in a different circuit. 2.9 V A B Diagram 2 Resistor B has a resistance of 13 ohms. Comment on the difference between the current in the battery in Diagram 2 and the current in the battery in Diagram 1. Use calculations to support your answer.

A student investigates energy transfer by conduction in different metals. The student uses wax to attach one coin to each of four different metal rods, and connects the rods to a heater. When the heater is on, energy is transferred through the metal rods. This melts the wax and causes the coins to fall. The diagram shows the student’s equipment viewed from above. coin attached with wax iron heater steel aluminium copper

This is the student’s method. Step 1 switch on the heater and start a stopwatch Step 2 record the time taken for the coin to fall from each metal rod

Give the independent variable in this investigation.

Give the dependent variable in this investigation.

A teacher tells the student that their investigation is not valid (a fair test). Give two ways to improve the validity of the student’s investigation. 1 2

The student improves the validity of their investigation. Describe what the student should do to improve the reliability of their results.

The table gives the student’s results. Material Time for coin to drop in seconds iron 180 steel 230 aluminium 140 copper 90

Plot a bar chart of the results on the grid.

State why a bar chart is a better choice than a line graph for this investigation.

Which of these is the main source of energy in stars?

The table lists the stages of development of a star that has a very much larger mass than the Sun. Give the stages in the correct order, using numbers 1 to 5. Stages of development Order number a black hole is formed heavy elements are made in the core of the star the star becomes a red supergiant the star explodes in a supernova the core of the star runs out of hydrogen