39 questions · 170 marks · ≈ 3 hours
Different types of waves are used in hospitals. Some of the waves used are electromagnetic.
Which of these properties is the same for all electromagnetic waves?
Choose your answer
Amplitude
Frequency
Speed in free space
Wavelength in free space
Which of these statements is correct?
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Microwaves always travel faster than radio waves.
Microwaves always travel slower than radio waves.
Microwaves and radio waves travel at the same speed in a vacuum.
Microwaves and radio waves travel at the same speed in all materials.
The diagram shows part of a water wave.
Which letter represents the amplitude?
Choose your answer
The diagram shows a water wave.
What is the amplitude of the wave?
Choose your answer
1 cm
2 cm
4 cm
8 cm
Some types of wave are used in hospitals.
A scanner uses one type of wave to check for broken bones. What type of wave is emitted by the scanner?
Choose your answer
infrared
microwave
ultrasound
x-rays
Which of the following electromagnetic waves has the shortest wavelength?
Choose your answer
infrared
microwaves
ultraviolet
visible light
Which of these statements about electromagnetic waves is not correct?
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electromagnetic waves are longitudinal
electromagnetic waves can transfer energy
electromagnetic waves can travel between stars
electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed in free space
Which of the following is a use for x-rays?
Choose your answer
broadcasting television
cooking a potato
looking at the internal structure of objects
looking through night vision goggle
The Sun emits different types of electromagnetic waves.
Which of the following properties is the same for all the waves?
Choose your answer
amplitude
frequency
speed
wavelength
Which type of electromagnetic wave causes sunburn and snow blindness?
Choose your answer
gamma rays
infrared
radio waves
ultraviolet
All types of electromagnetic radiation from the Sun are emitted with
Choose your answer
the same amplitude
the same frequency
the same speed
the same wavelength
The diagram shows a wave on the sea.
Which letter shows the amplitude of the wave?
Choose your answer
Describe one difference between transverse and longitudinal waves.
Draw a labelled diagram to help your answer.
State two properties that are the same for all electromagnetic waves.
The Earth receives different types of electromagnetic waves from the Sun.
These include
Complete the table by arranging these three types of electromagnetic wave in order of decreasing wavelength.
| longest wavelength shortest wavelength | ||
|---|---|---|
Name two other types of electromagnetic wave.
Ultraviolet waves are useful, but they can be dangerous.
(i) State two uses of ultraviolet waves.
(ii) State two dangers of ultraviolet waves.
The names of two parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are missing.
| radio waves | A | infrared | visible light | ultraviolet | B | gamma rays |
|---|
Complete the table with the names of the missing parts.
| Name | |
|---|---|
| A | |
| B |
The Sun emits visible light, infrared and ultraviolet that travel through space and reach the surface of the Earth.
State two similarities between visible light, infrared and ultraviolet.
Too much exposure to infrared and ultraviolet can cause damage to the human body.
State the damage that each can cause.
Seven colours can be seen in the visible light spectrum.
Which colour has the longest wavelength?
A man watches some waves pass his boat.
He sees the crest of the waves pass him every 5 s.
Calculate the frequency of these waves.
frequency = ............................ Hz
Microwaves are part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum has longer wavelengths than microwaves?
Choose your answer
gamma rays
radio waves
ultraviolet light
visible light
The diagram shows part of a water wave.
Which letter represents the wavelength?
Choose your answer
The diagram shows a water wave.
What is the wavelength of the wave?
Choose your answer
2 cm
4 cm
8 cm
20 cm
The table shows the main sections of the electromagnetic spectrum.
The arrow below the table shows the direction of
Choose your answer
increasing wave amplitude
increasing wave frequency
increasing wave speed
increasing wavelength
Which of these electromagnetic radiations has a frequency greater than ultraviolet?
Choose your answer
infrared
gamma rays
radio waves
visible light
The diagram shows a wave on the sea.
Which letter shows the wavelength of the wave?
Choose your answer
Water waves are transverse waves. Other waves can be longitudinal.
State a similarity and a difference between a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave.
A student writes some sentences about electromagnetic waves. Their teacher underlines a mistake in each sentence.
In the table, write a suitable correction for each mistake.
The first one has been done for you.
| Sentence | Correction |
|---|---|
| Electromagnetic waves travel at 3 × 10−2 m/s in a vacuum. | 3 × 108 |
| Sound waves are electromagnetic. | |
| Infra-red waves are the most harmful to people. | |
| Gamma waves are used for heating up food. | |
| Radio waves have the highest frequency. | |
| Gamma waves have the longest wavelength. |
Gamma radiation is used in hospitals even though it can be dangerous.
Describe one use of gamma radiation in hospitals.
(i) Explain the risks to patients and doctors of using gamma radiation.
(ii) State one way of reducing the risks to a doctor who uses gamma radiation.
The table shows the main sections of the electromagnetic spectrum.
(i) State two sections of the spectrum that are used for communications.
(ii) State two sections of the spectrum that are used for cooking.
A radio station broadcasts at a frequency of 200 kHz.
The wavelength of the radio waves is 1500 m.
(i) State the equation linking wave speed, frequency and wavelength.
(ii) Calculate the speed of these radio waves and give the unit.
speed = ...................... unit ........
The chart lists some electromagnetic radiations.
| radio | microwave | infrared | visible light | ultraviolet | x-ray | gamma |
|---|
Complete the table by giving one radiation from the chart from each use.
You may give each radiation once, more than once, or not at all.
| Use for radiation | Type of radiation |
|---|---|
| cooking | |
| treating cancer | |
| identifying broken bones |
William Herschel was a scientist who investigated infrared radiation. He passed electromagnetic radiation from the Sun through a triangular glass prism. The prism refracted different radiations by different amounts.
The paths of yellow and blue visible light rays are shown in the diagram.
Add to the diagram to show how the prism refracts an infrared ray.
A pulsar is a type of star.
We receive radiation from a pulsar in regular short bursts called pulses.
Some pulsars emit radio waves. Other pulsars emit x-rays.
(i) State a property of waves that is the same for radio waves and x-rays.
(ii) State two properties of waves that are different for radio waves and x-rays.
The graph shows five pulses of the signal from a pulsar.
(i) Use the graph to estimate the average time between each pulse.
(ii) Calculate the frequency of the pulses in the signal.
Give the unit.
frequency = .......................... units ...........
A teacher demonstrates different types of wave.
She uses a spring to demonstrate longitudinal waves.
(i) Draw arrows on the diagram to show the directions in which the teacher moves her hand.
(ii) Give an example of a longitudinal wave.
The teacher then demonstrates transverse waves.
She fixes a vertical rod in a pond. She places a small wooden ring on the rod.
The ring floats on the water and moves up and down the rod as waves go past.
(i) On the diagram, draw a line to show one wavelength.
Label your line with the letter W.
(ii) The distance from P to Q is 5.0 cm.
Determine the amplitude of the wave.
(iii) The wooden ring reaches point P every 15 s.
Calculate the frequency of the wave.
Give the unit.
frequency = ....................... unit ...........
(iv) Explain how the movement of the wooden ring demonstrates that this wave is transverse.
(v) The wave shown is a water wave.
Give a different example of a transverse wave.
Some waves travel across the sea.
They all have the same wavelength.
What is meant by the term wavelength?
The waves travel across the sea at 3.0 m/s and have a frequency of 1.5 Hz.
(i) State the equation linking wave speed, frequency and wavelength.
(ii) Calculate the wavelength of the waves
wavelength = ........................... m
The diagram represents a microwave travelling in free space from point A to point B.
The distance from A to B is 0.60 m.
Calculate the wavelength of this microwave.
wavelength = ................................
(i) State the equation linking wave speed, frequency and wavelength.
(ii) Calculate the frequency of this microwave.
[speed of microwave in free space = 3.0 × 108 m/s]
A microphone is connected to an oscilloscope to display a sound wave.
The diagram shows the trace on the oscilloscope screen.
The oscilloscope settings are:
Y direction: 1 square = 1 V
X direction: 1 square = 0.001 s
(i) How many time periods are shown on the trace?
(ii) What is the frequency of the sound wave?
On the grid below, sketch the trace of a sound wave with a smaller amplitude and a higher frequency than the wave shown by the dotted line.
In 1901, Marconi received the first radio signal across the Atlantic Ocean.
The frequency of Marconi’s radio wave was 820 kHz and the wavelength was 366 m.
(i) State the equation linking wave speed, frequency and wavelength for radio waves.
(ii) Calculate the speed of the radio waves Marconi received.
speed of radio waves = .................................. m/s
Some people do not believe that Marconi received 820 kHz radio waves.
They think that the frequency was really twice as much: 1640 kHz.
If these people are correct, what wavelength radio waves did Marconi receive?
wavelength = .......................... m
Other people do not think Marconi received a radio signal across the Atlantic Ocean at all.
They think the radio waves he received were really caused by electrostatic discharges from storm clouds.
Explain what happens when a storm cloud discharges.
A bat emits sound waves to locate objects.
Sound waves are longitudinal waves.
(i) Describe what is meant by the term longitudinal wave.
(1 mark)
(ii) Describe the relationship between the time period and frequency of a wave.
(1 mark)
While stationary, the bat emits a short sound wave towards an object and hears its echo 2.4 s later.
(i) State the formula linking speed, distance and time.
(1 mark)
(ii) Calculate the distance of the object from the bat.
(4 marks)
Assume the speed of sound in air is 340 m/s.
The sound wave emitted by the bat has a frequency of 25 kHz.
(i) State whether a human would hear this sound. Explain your answer.
(2 marks)
(ii) Calculate the time period of this sound wave.
(3 marks)
(iii) State the formula linking the speed, frequency and wavelength of a wave.
(1 mark)
(iv) Calculate the wavelength of this sound wave.
(3 marks)
A scanner uses one type of wave to check for broken bones.
An image of the bone is seen because the waves from the scanner are
Choose your answer
absorbed by the bone
reflected by the bone
refracted by the bone
transmitted by the bone
Ultrasound waves are also used to produce images.
This is an ultrasound image of a fetus surrounded by fluid.
The ultrasound image is caused by waves which bounce off the fetus.
This is an example of waves that are
Choose your answer
absorbed
reflected
refracted
repelled
A student has some LEDs connected in a circuit. They emit light of different colours.
The different colours of light are waves which must have:
Choose your answer
the same amplitude in free space
the same frequency in free space
the same speed in free space
the same wavelength in free space
A remote control emits infrared waves to operate a television.
The television receives infrared waves and radio waves.
It emits light waves and sound waves.
Which type of wave has the highest frequency?
Choose your answer
infrared
light
radio
sound
A student is listening to a radio.
The radio is powered by batteries that provide a direct current (d.c.).
What is direct current?
Radio waves are part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
(i) Suggest a property of radio waves that makes them suitable for use in communication.
(ii) Complete the table to show uses and possible harmful effects of some other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.
| Part of the electromagnetic spectrum | Use | Possible harmful effect on people |
|---|---|---|
| Microwaves | ||
| Gamma |
Different types of waves are used in hospitals.
(i) Draw a line linking each type of electromagnetic wave with its use.
(ii) Electromagnetic waves are transverse.
Describe how the vibrations of a transverse wave relate to the direction in which the wave travels.
Another type of wave used in hospitals is ultrasound. Ultrasound waves are used to make images of internal organs.
A scanner emits an ultrasound wave into the patient and records any reflections.
(i) The scanner records the time from when a wave is emitted to when its reflection is received.
A technician calculates the depth of the reflection using the equation
Explain why the technician uses the value in the equation.
(ii) An ultrasound wave travels faster in the patient than it does in air.
Explain how a change in speed affects the wavelength of the ultrasound wave.
Name one type of wave that is used in cancer treatment and explain what it does during the treatment.
Ultrasound waves are sound waves with a very high frequency. They are often used for medical purposes.
Dentists use ultrasound waves to clean patients’ teeth.
The diagram shows an ultrasound cleaner removing plaque from teeth.
The tip of the ultrasound cleaner vibrates 96 million times per second and is sprayed with water.
(i) State the frequency of the ultrasound emitted by the cleaner and give the unit.
frequency = ....................... unit .....
(ii) Suggest how the cleaner removes plaque.
(iii) Suggest why water is sprayed on the tip of the cleaner.
(i) State the equation linking wave speed, frequency and wavelength.
(ii) The ultrasound waves have a wavelength of 0.00044 m and travel at a speed of 1540 m/s in the fluid.
Calculate the frequency, in MHz, of the ultrasound waves.
Other waves also have medical uses.
Ultraviolet waves are used by doctors to cure some skin conditions.
Suggest two differences between ultrasound waves and ultraviolet waves.
An LED needs a minimum voltage to make it emit light.
The student investigates this minimum voltage using the circuit shown.
The student uses a voltmeter to measure the voltage across the LED.
Add this voltmeter to the circuit diagram.
The student gradually increases the voltage across the LED and records the minimum voltage at which the LED emits light.
The results for some different LEDs are shown in the table.
| Colour of light from LED | Minimum voltage in V |
|---|---|
| Red | 1.7 |
| Blue | 3.6 |
| Yellow | 2.1 |
| Orange | 2.0 |
| Green | 3.0 |
Plot the results of the student's investigation on the grid.
The student concludes:
Evaluate the student's conclusion.
Waves can travel on water, through air or in a vacuum.
The diagram shows the side-view of a wave on the surface of water.
Each square on the grid represents 1 cm x 1 cm.
(i) State the wavelength of the wave shown.
(ii) On the grid sketch the trace of a wave travelling at the same speed, but with a larger amplitude and a lower frequency.
Two students investigate the speed of sound waves in air.
They use a stopwatch that shows times to the nearest 0.1 s.
They use an outdoor running track as their measure of distance.
The track is straight and 100 m long.
Describe what else they must do to obtain a value for the speed of sound.
(i) State the equation linking wave speed, frequency and wavelength.
(ii) The speed of radio waves is 300 000 000 m/s.
A radio wave has a frequency of 31 MHz.
Calculate the wavelength of this radio wave.
wavelength = ..........................
A sound wave and a radio wave have the same wavelength.
State why they have different frequencies.